Eating Disorders
WHAT IS ORTHOREXIA?
Jul 15th
Too Healthy?
Orthorexia nervosa is one of a little-known group of eating disorders. The term uses “ortho,” in its meaning as straight, correct and true, to modify “anorexia nervosa.” Orthorexia nervosa refers to a fixation on eating proper food. Orthorexia begins innocently enough, as a desire to overcome chronic illness or to improve general health. Over time, what they eat, how much, and the consequences of dietary indiscretion come to occupy a greater and greater proportion of the orthorexic’s day. The act of eating pure food begins to carry pseudo-spiritual connotations. But the emphasis is intended to be on “unhealthy obsession.” One can have an unhealthy obsession with something that is otherwise healthy. Think of exercise addiction, or workaholism.
At times (but not at all times) orthorexia seems to have elements of OCD. It may also have elements of standard anorexia. But it is often not very much like typical OCD or typical anorexia. The obsession for healthy foods could come from a number of sources such as family habits, society trends, economic problems, recent illness, or even just hearing something negative about a food type or group, which then leads orthorexics to ultimately eliminate the food or foods from their diet. While orthorexia nervosa is not a formal medical condition, many doctors do feel that it explains an important and growing health phenomenon.
People suffering from this obsession may display the following signs.
- Spending more than three hours a day thinking about healthy food
- Planning tomorrow’s menu today
- Feeling virtuous about what they eat, but not enjoying it much
- Continually limiting the number of foods they eat
- Experiencing a reduced quality of life or social isolation (because their diet makes it difficult for them to eat anywhere but at home)
- Feeling critical of others who do not eat as well they do
- Skipping foods they once enjoyed in order to eat the “right” foods
- Feeling guilt or self-loathing when they stray from their diet
- Feeling in “total” control when they eat the correct diet
If you or someone you care about exhibits these traits. There is a solution and there is help before it gets out of control.
Too Skinny….How Does It Happen?
Jul 9th
How does this happen?
Anorexia is a complex disease, with myriad causes that range from culture to environment to—as recent studies have shown—genetics. Having a predisposition for anorexia means that a simple decision to diet away those last five pounds triggers something (it’s unclear as to what) that could lead you down a slippery slope. The drive to become thinner is actually secondary to concerns about control and/or fears relating to one’s body. The individual continues the endless cycle of restrictive eating, often accompanied by other behaviors such as excessive exercising or the overuse of diet pills, diuretics, laxatives, and/or enemas in order to reduce body weight, often to a point close to starvation in order to feel a sense of control over his or her body. This cycle becomes an obsession and, in this way, is similar to any type of addiction. Studies suggest that a genetic (inherited) component may play a more significant role in determining a person’s susceptibility to anorexia than was previously thought. Researchers are currently attempting to identify the particular gene or genes that might affect a person’s tendency to develop this disorder, and preliminary studies suggest that a gene located at chromosome 1p seems to be involved in determining a person’ s susceptibility to anorexia nervosa. Anorexia could be caused by a genetic brain disorder shared by sufferers of autism and Asperger’s syndrome. Noticeably sufferers of anorexia share traits with people who have autism, such as an inability to change rules they have set themselves, perfectionism and a tendency to fixate on details. A few sources suggest that anorexics are addicted to fasting, apparently because of the chemical changes brought on by starvation. The opioids, enkephalins and endorphins are found to be at elevated levels in the spinal fluid of patients with anorexia.
Studies show that 20% of those affected by anorexia die directly from complications surrounding the disorder. It is lethal, however, there is help and there is a solution it takes a lifetime of change but the only way for those suffering from anorexia to gain the control they are looking for is to admit the powerlessness over their disorder and behaviors.
Not Seeing Clearly
Jun 30th
Warped Perception
What are the contributing factors of an eating disorder? Even the slimmest women have, on occasion, stood in front of the mirror and asked: “Does this dress make me look fat?” No matter who you are at some point you have been your own worst critic. Why do we do this to ourselves and what drives body dysmorphia? Scientists have discovered that the body image a person projects in their own brain is “massively distorted” and can be up to two thirds wider than it is in reality. The brain’s own “body model” is also around a third shorter than the body actually is, according to the study at University College London. Researchers believe the findings could explain why slim women look in the mirror and see themselves as fat. They may also help explain the cause of some eating disorders.
Dr Michael Longo, a neuroscientist is a leader in brain research, said: “These findings may well be relevant to psychiatric conditions involving body image such as anorexia, as there may be a general bias towards perceiving the body to be wider than it is.” He also says,“Some people look in the mirror and receive information which tells them they are not fat, but they still can’t use that to over-ride their distorted body model and make themselves believe it.”
The scientists had subjects place their hands under a board and relay where specific landmarks such as knuckles and fingertips were. In doing so people were warped in their sense of size. Scientists believe the distortion stems from the number of sensory signals being sent to the brain from different parts of the skin. The brain’s warped “model” of the hand could be conveyed to the rest of the body, therefore adding to the beginnings or bolstering feelings of negative body image. For instance, if I am walking around feeling shorter and fatter than I really am these findings are saying that I am way off in my judgement. Surprisingly, researchers found that subjects could pick their accurate hand size from other templates. Therefore, researchers believe this shows that people have an accurate visual image of their own body but are still unable to use that information to over-ride the “brain model” which tells them they are larger.
Addicted to Fat
Jun 18th
Eating The Pain Away
Like many pleasurable behaviors—including sex and drug use—eating can trigger the release of dopamine, a feel-good chemical in the brain. This chemical reward, in turn, increases the likelihood that the action will eventually become habitual through positive reinforcement conditioning. If this reward is activated by overeating, these neurochemical patterns can make the behavior tough to shake—a result seen in many human cases.
Paul Kenny, an associate professor in the Department of Molecular Therapeutics at The Scripps Research Institute in Jupiter, Fla., says, “Most people who are overweight would say, ‘I would like to control my weight and my eating,’ but they find it very hard to control their feeding behavior.”
Many studies have drawn the connection between excessive food intake and addiction in both animal models and humans. Many scientists have observed a similar map of dopamine receptors in the brains of many obese people as in those hooked on cocaine or alcohol. This new type research adds a more accepted understanding of just how food can modify the brain—and shows that differences in the brain from the outset can predispose an individual for overeating. It is widely accepted that after someone dependent on a substance stops using it, however, it often takes time for depleted dopamine receptors to return to baseline levels. For example, in mice addicted to cocaine, it can take two days to regain normalized levels however, obese rats in the overeating studies took two weeks to regain their baseline density of receptors. This research goes to show that overeating is a very difficult addiction to break because the withdrawl timeline is far longer and more ingrained than even that of a drug addict.
The sticky part about studying food addiction is that, unlike cocaine or alcohol, humans can’t exactly drop it—cold turkey or not. You can’t really quit food . And humans are hardwired, thanks to eons of evolutionary selection, to seek high-calorie foods to keep us going through lean times. But with subsistence hunting, gathering and farming now little more than a niche lifestyle choice in wealthy nations, a brain set up to reward super-rich calorie snacks is more of a hazard than a help. It is not easy to eat healthy in modern times. ”Real food” is more expensive than processed sadly. It is almost as though our society has set up drug dealers on every corner and asks those predisposed to have a food addiction to stay away. It is not hopeless though, if you have an overeating disorder there is help.
Yoga And Recovery
Jul 20th
12 Step Yoga Therapy: Treatment for the Body, Mind and Soul
Yoga is an ideal recreational activity for those recovering from alcoholism, drug addiction, and other addictions. Yoga conditions the body, mind and soul. Recovering from an addiction takes physical, mental and spiritual strength, which can be developed by practicing yoga. Recreational activities are an essential part of recovery for residents at long-term alcohol and drug rehab centers. Although therapy, counseling, and 12-step meetings are tremendously effective, people in recovery still want to have fun – and it is crucial they learn to enjoy themselves without substance abuse. Many treatment centers offer yoga as a therapeutic tool which can have a dramatic impact on a person’s life.
Strengthening a Recovering Body
The practice of Yoga comes from India and the word can mean “union” or “control”. People must unify their body with their mind and spirit to successfully control their whole self if they are to master yoga techniques. The beauty of yoga is that you do not need a very strong body to begin learning it. Practicing yoga consistently will help a person to develop their core muscles and improve their balance and posture. Perhaps the greatest benefit is that each person learns about their body and increases their control over it. Building a physically strong body can help combat the physical dependencies that come with alcoholism or drug addictions.
Yoga and the Mind
When it comes to addictions, psychological dependencies are very common. Young adults may be in the habit of giving up or giving in mentally to their addiction. It takes time and perseverance to train the mind to become strong enough to change that behavior. Yoga helps improve mental concentration through various methods. Take deep breathing exercises as an example. In yoga, deep breathing is conducted slowly and consciously. There should be no day dreaming but instead a profound, internal attention on the quality of breathing. Not only does this practice assist in clearing the mind, but it also improves the mind’s ability to focus. After improving one’s mental abilities through yoga, it should be easier for the person to clearly make decisions that will lead to positive outcomes.
Developing the Spirit to Stop Substance Abuse
Unlike other physical activities and sports, yoga is performed slowly and quietly with a great peacefulness. The practice of yoga can even be said to resemble a kind of meditation and its effects can be described as spiritual. Since yoga is not a religious practice attributed to any one religion, people of any belief system can enjoy it.
The poses and techniques found in yoga vary in their degree of difficulty. Continuously working to improve and accepting the challenge to learn the more difficult poses takes a lot of determination, but the process fosters a resilient heart. A strong spirit is needed to successfully complete drug and alcohol abuse treatment. Deciding to stop making poor choices that are self-damaging can be a challenge, and a strong resolve to change is what will prevent relapse in the future.